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Serpentine Pea Leafminer

 

Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) -- Diptera:  Agromyzidae

 

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       The Serpentine Pea Leafminer was introduced in Northern California and it spread into Central and Southern California.  Already this insect has become a major pest of vegetable crops.  This invasion has become a major economic pest in South America, Indonesia, Asia and the Mediterranean Region.  Because no known natural enemies of the pea leafminer have been effective in suppressing populations, and there is a high levels of pesticide resistance, satosfactpru control has been difficult.  The new pea leafminer is currently the predominant leafminer pest in the cooler coastal valleys of California.  The expected movement into other agricultural areas  will certainly increase economic losses.

 

       Larvae of the pea leafminer create mines in the foliage and stems of vegetables.  Feeding damage by the larvae reduces photosynthesis of plants and destroys parts of leafy vegetables.  Even a few mines in celery, spinach, or lettuce are undesirable.  At high densities, defoliation and further yield losses can occur in other vegetables.  In addition feeding and oviposition punctures made by adult females reduce the quality of ornamental and cut flowers.

 

REFERENCES:

 

Andersen, A.,  E. Nordhus, V. T. Thang, T. T. T.  An, H. Q.  Hung  &  T. Hofsvang.   2002.  Polyphagous Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in vegetables in Vietnam.  Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 79:  241-246.

 

Bjorksten, T. A.,  M. Robinson  &  John La Salle.   2005.  Species composition and population dynamics of leafmining flies and their parasitoids in Victoria.  Australian Journal of Entomology 44:  186-191.

 

Blanchard, E. E.  1938.  Descripciones y anotaciones de dipteros argentinos Agromyzidae.  Anales de la Sociedad Cient. ífica Argentina 126:  352-359.

 

Chen, B. & L. Kang.  2004.  Variation in cold hardiness of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) along the latitudinal gradients.  Environmental Entomology 33:  155-164.

 

Frick, K. E.  1951.  Liriomyza langei, a new species of leaf-miner of economic importance in California.  Pan-Pacific Entomologist 21:  81.

 

Kox, L. F. F.,  H. E. van den Beld, B. L. Lindhout  &  L. J. W. de Goffau.  2005.  Identification of economically important Liriomyza species by PCR-RFLP analysis.  E P P O Bulletin 35:  79-85.

 

Lambkin, C. L.,  S. A. Fayed,  C. Manchester,  John La Salle,  S. J. Scheffer  &  D. K. Yeates.  2008.  Plant hosts and parasitoid associations of leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Canberra region of Australia.  Australian Journal of Entomology 47:  13-19.

 

Lanzoni, A.,  G. G. Bazzocchi, G. Burgio  &  M. R. Fiacconi.  2002.  Comparative life history of Liriomyza trifolii and Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on beans: effect of temperature on development.  Environmental  Entomology 31:  797-803.

 

Lardner, R. M.  1991.  Comparative host stage utilization of two parasitoids of Liriomyza brassicae (Diptera: Agromyzidae).  PhD Thesis, University of Adelaide.

 

Martin, A. D., D. Stanley-Horn  &  R. H. Hallett.  2005.  Adult host preference and larval performance of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on selected hosts.  Environmental Entomology 34:  1170-1177.

 

Parrella, M. P.  1982.  A review of the history and taxonomy of economically important serpentine leafminers (Liriomyza spp.) in California (Diptera: Agromyzidae).  Pan-Pacific Entomologist 58:  302-308.

 

Prijono, D., M. Robinson, A. Rauf, T. Bjorksten  & A. A. Hoffmann.  2004.  Toxicity of chemicals commonly used in Indonesian vegetable crops to Liriomyza huidobrensis populations and the Indonesian parasitoids Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Opius sp., and Gronotoma micromorpha, as well as the Australian parasitoids Hemiptarsenus varicornis and Diglyphus isaea.  Journal of Economic Entomology 97:  1191-1197.

 

Reitz, S. R., Y. Gao & Z. Lei.  2013.  Insecticide use and the ecology of invasive Liriomyza leafminer management Inem> Insecticides – Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies (ed. S Trdan).  In:  Tech,  Rijeka, Croatia.

 

Ridland, P. M., P. A. Umina,  E. I. Pirtle  &  A. A. Hoffmann.  2020.  Potential for biological control of the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae), in Australia with parasitoid wasps.  Austral. Entomology 59:  16-36.

 

Rodríguez-Castañeda, G,  C. MacVean,  C. Cardona & A. R. Hof.  2017.  What limits the distribution of Liriomyza huidobrensis and its congener Liriomyza sativae in their native niche: when temperature and competition affect species distribution range in Guatemala.  Journal of Insect Science 17:  88.

 

Shepard, B. M., A. Samsudin  &  A. Braun.  1998.  Seasonal incidence of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its parasitoids on vegetables in Indonesia.  International Journal of Pest Management 44:  43-47.

 

Shiao, S. F.  2004.  Morphological diagnosis of six Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of quarantine importance in Taiwan.   Applied Entomology and Zoology 39:  27-39.

 

Sooda, A., D. Gunawardana, D. Li  &  K. Kumarasinghe.  2017.  Multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of three invasive leafminer species: Liriomyza huidobrensis, L. sativae and L. trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae).  Austral. Entomology 56:   153-159.

 

Tantowijoyo, W. &  A. A. Hoffmann.  2010.  Identifying factors determining the altitudinal distribution of the invasive pest leafminers Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza sativae.  Entomologia Experimentalis Applicata 135:  141-153.

 

Trumble, John; Greg Kund & Stewart Reitz.  2017.  Pea Leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis.  Center for Invasive Species Research, University of  California.

 

Weintraub, P. G., S.;  J. Scheffer, D. Visser, G. Valladares, A. S. Correa, B. M. Shepard, A. Rauf, S. T. Murphy, N. Mujica,  C. MacVean, J.  Kroschel, M. Kishinevsky,  R. C. Joshi, N. S. Johansen,  R. H. Hallett,  H. S. Civelek, B. Chen  &  H. B. Metzler.   2017.  The invasive Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae): understanding its pest status and management globally.  Journal of Insect Science 17 (1):  1-27.